with symbolism at different epochs and in different countries. As regards the early Church it may be confidently stated that the notions suggested by words meaning “symbol” would differ in important respects from those which like words would suggest to an ordinary Englishman or German of to-day. Dr. Harnack has stated a crucial difference with great clearness. “What we nowadays,” he writes, “understand by ‘symbol’ is a thing which is not that which it represents; at that time ‘symbol’ denoted a thing